sixth schedule
Bharat ke Samvidhan ki **Sixth Schedule (छठी अनुसूची)** ek vishesh vyavastha hai jo kuchh janjatiya kshetron (tribal areas) ke prashasan ke liye banayi gayi hai. Yeh schedule Samvidhan ke **Article 244(2)** aur **Article 275(1)** ke tahat aati hai aur in kshetron mein swabhavik aur sanskritik sanrakshan ke saath-saath janjatiya samudayon ko swashasan (self-governance) dene ka uddeshya rakhti hai. Main aapko iski puri jankari Hindi mein vistaar se deta hoon.
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### Sixth Schedule Kya Hai?
- **Maksad**: Yeh schedule Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, aur Mizoram ke janjatiya kshetron ke liye ek vyavastha pradan karti hai jahan autonomous district councils (swayatta zila parishad) banayi jati hain. Yeh councils apne kshetra ke prashasan, kanoon banane, aur nyay vyavastha ke liye jimmedar hote hain.
- **Kab Laagu Hua**: Yeh 26 January 1950 ko Samvidhan ke saath shuru hua aur baad mein sanshodhanon ke dwara ismein parivartan bhi kiye gaye.
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### Sixth Schedule Ke Kshetra
Sixth Schedule in chaar rajyon ke janjatiya kshetron par lagu hoti hai:
1. **Assam**:
- Bodoland Territorial Area Districts (BTAD).
- Dima Hasao District.
- Karbi Anglong District.
2. **Meghalaya**:
- Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council.
- Garo Hills Autonomous District Council.
- Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council.
3. **Tripura**:
- Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC).
4. **Mizoram**:
- Chakma Autonomous District Council.
- Lai Autonomous District Council.
- Mara Autonomous District Council.
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### Sixth Schedule Ke Pramukh Provisions (Hindi Mein)
Sixth Schedule mein kai paragraphs hain jo vibhinn vyavasthaon ko darshate hain. Inka sankshipt vivran niche diya gaya hai:
#### 1. **Autonomous Districts aur Regions (Paragraph 1–2)**:
- Har janjatiya kshetra ko "autonomous district" ke roop mein gathit kiya jata hai.
- Agar ek district mein alag-alag janjatiya samuday hain, to usmein "autonomous regions" banaye ja sakte hain.
- Rajyapal (Governor) in kshetron ki seemaon ko badal sakta hai ya naye kshetra bana sakta hai.
#### 2. **District aur Regional Councils (Paragraph 3–7)**:
- Har autonomous district ke liye ek **District Council** hoti hai jismein 30 se jyada sadasya nahi ho sakte. Inmein se kuchh ko Rajyapal dwara nominate kiya jata hai.
- Yeh councils apne kshetra ke liye kanoon bana sakti hain, jaise:
- Zameen ka prabandhan.
- Jangalon ka sanrakshan.
- Gaon ya nagar prashasan.
- Vivah, virasat, aur janjatiya paramparaon se sambandhit niyam.
- Council ke paas apne kshetra mein primary schools, dispensaries, markets, aur roads banane ka adhikar hai.
#### 3. **Nyayik Shakti (Paragraph 4–5)**:
- District aur Regional Councils ke paas apne kshetra mein chhote nyayalay (village courts) sthapit karne ki shakti hai jo janjatiya kanoonon aur riwaajon ke anusaar mamle suljhate hain.
- In nyayalayon ke faislon ke khilaf High Court mein appeal ki ja sakti hai.
#### 4. **Financial Powers (Paragraph 8–10)**:
- Councils ko tax lagane ka adhikar hai, jaise land revenue, property tax, ya bazaar tax.
- Inhe state government se grants aur central government se Article 275 ke tahat fund milta hai.
- Council apne budget ko khud taiyar karti hai aur uska prabandhan karti hai.
#### 5. **Rajyapal Ki Bhumika (Paragraph 14–15)**:
- Rajyapal ko vishesh shaktiyan di gayi hain:
- Council ke kanoonon ko approve ya reject karna.
- Agar rajya ki suraksha ya shanti ke liye khatra ho, to council ko suspend ya dissolve kar sakta hai.
#### 6. **Kanoonon Ka Lagoo Hona (Paragraph 12–13)**:
- Rajya Vidhan Sabha dwara banaye gaye kanoon tab tak Sixth Schedule kshetron mein lagu nahi hote jab tak council usse apnane ke liye sahmati na de.
- Rastrapati ya Rajyapal kuchh kanoonon ko in kshetron se exempt kar sakte hain.
#### 7. **Sanshodhan (Paragraph 21)**:
- Sixth Schedule mein parivartan ke liye Parliament ko kanoon banana hota hai, lekin iske liye rajya vidhan sabha ki sahmati ki zaroorat nahi hoti.
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### Sixth Schedule Ka Mahatva
- **Swashasan**: Yeh janjatiya samudayon ko apni sanskriti, parampara, aur zameen ke sanrakshan ka adhikar deta hai.
- **Vikas**: Local governance ke dwara vikas karyakramon ko unki zarooraton ke anusaar chalaya jata hai.
- **Sanvidhanik Sanrakshan**: Yeh ek sanvidhanik mechanism hai jo in kshetron ko alag pahchan aur suraksha pradan karta hai.
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### Itihasik Sandarbh
- Sixth Schedule Dr. B.R. Ambedkar aur Constitution Drafting Committee ke dwara banayi gayi thi, lekin iska aadhar **Government of India Act, 1935** ke "Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas" se liya gaya tha.
- Iska maksad purvottar Bharat (Northeast India) ke janjatiya samudayon ko mainstream mein shamil karna tha bina unki autonomy ko khatm kiye.
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### Current Status (April 2025 Tak)
- Sixth Schedule abhi bhi Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, aur Mizoram ke uparyukt kshetron mein lagu hai.
- Kai bar ismein sanshodhan hue hain, jaise Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) ko 2003 mein shaktiyan dena.
- Kuchh aur janjatiya samuday (jaise Nagaland aur Manipur ke kuchh hisse) Sixth Schedule ke tahat shamil hone ki maang kar rahe hain, lekin abhi tak yeh pura nahi hua.
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### Kya Aap Aur Kuchh Janna Chahte Hain?
Yeh Sixth Schedule ki puri jankari thi. Agar aap iske kisi specific provision, kshetra, ya iske implementation ke bare mein aur vistaar se janna chahte hain, to mujhe batayein! Main aapke sawal ka jawab aur gehrai se doonga.
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